The 7 FSSAI-Approved Food Colors for Indian Restaurants & Caterers

In India, FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) ensures that every color used in food is safe, standardized, and legally approved. Whether you run a restaurant, catering service, or food production unit, it’s important to know exactly which food colors are permitted. And how to use them responsibly.

Let’s dive into the 7 FSSAI-approved synthetic food colors, their uses, safe limits, and the best practices to keep your food both beautiful and compliant.

Why Food Colors Matter in Indian Cuisine

In Indian kitchens, the color of foods has cultural, emotional, and sensory importance. This is why food coloring is not just about making the dishes look pretty:

• Visual appeal: We eat with our eyes first. If the food is bright, it looks more delicious. This is because bright colors trigger appetite.
• Cultural symbolism: Saffron-yellow for festivals, red for celebration, green for freshness.
• Brand consistency: Whether it’s sweets or biryanis, consistent color builds recognition of the brand.

But to maintain quality and avoid health risks, only FSSAI-approved food colors should be used.

FSSAI and the Law Behind Food Colors

Under the Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations, 2011, FSSAI classifies food colors as permitted synthetic colors and natural colors.

The seven synthetic colors mentioned in this article are allowed to be used for commercial purposes. Each of these must meet the purity standards and also be used within specific limits (usually up to 100 ppm in the final food). Exceeding these limits or using colors that are not approved can lead to fines, license suspension, or product bans.

The 7 FSSAI-Approved Synthetic Food Colors

Let’s take a look at each approved color, its official INS (E-number), and where it works best in Indian cooking.

1. Tartrazine (INS 102) – Sunshine Yellow

Color: Bright lemon-yellow

Used in: Sweets, custards, pickles, lemon drinks, and seasonings for snacks

Foods that contain tartrazine have a bright, golden hue. It can be found in ready-to-eat snacks, lemon sodas, and boondi laddoos. It mixes well in both dry and liquid mixtures and is heat-stable.

Pro tip: For deeper gold tones, mix sunset yellow with a pinch of tartrazine.

2.Sunset Yellow FCF (INS 110) – The Festive Glow

Color: Reddish-orange

Used in: Ice creams, sauces, bakery items, syrups

Your mango ice cream or gulab jamuns may have Sunset Yellow food color if they have that luminous golden tint. Under display lighting, it adds a warm, appealing color to foods.

Limit: To maintain safe levels and prevent over-saturation, stay within 100 ppm.

3. Carmoisine (INS 122) – The Sweet Red

Color: Deep crimson-red

Used in: Indian sweets, fruit syrups, bakery fillings

Mithai makers love using carmoisine to color burfis, rasgullas, and cherry toppings. It adds rich red tones without compromising texture or flavor.

Pro tip: It blends well with Ponceau 4R to create deeper maroon hues for festive desserts.

4. Ponceau 4R (INS 124) – The Bold Scarlet

Color: Bright red to orange-red

Used in: Beverages, sauces, jellies, processed meats

This versatile red adds a bold, appealing appearance to sweets, tandoori masalas, and fruit punches. Because of its well-known pH stability, it can be used with spicy or sweet meals and acidic beverages.

Pro tip: Keep in mind that less is more. Dishes that are overly colored may look fake.

5. Erythrosine (INS 127) – The Candy Pink

Color: Vivid cherry-pink

Used in: Candies, cake toppings, mocktails, dessert gels

This artificial pink dye is widely used for festive sweets, pastries, and cocktails. Only very small amounts are required for a powerful effect due to its vivid color.

Pro tip: To achieve rosy tones that look natural, combine erythrosine and carmoisine.

6. Indigo Carmine (INS 132) – The Ocean Blue

Color: Deep blue

Used in: Soft drinks, confectionery, and frostings

Despite being uncommon in Indian cooking, blue is used to create color combinations, especially for advertising or creating unique desserts. When combined with yellows and reds, it can also be used as a foundation to create greens and purples.

Pro tip: Because it stains surfaces easily, use it moderately.

7.Brilliant Blue FCF (INS 133) – The Vibrant Cool Blue

Color: Sky-to-navy blue

Used in: Beverages, sweets, and decorative frosting

For icing, candies, and mocktails, this is the most common blue.It generates a fresh green color when combined with tartrazine, which is frequently used in beverages and desserts to give them a mint flavor.

Pro tip: Be careful when combining because powerful blues can overpower lighter desserts.

8. Natural Alternatives for Conscious Kitchens

While synthetic food colors are okay when used properly within the measured guidelines, many caterers are still leaning towards natural food coloring due to the increasing appeal of clean-label products. FSSAI also approves the use of several natural pigments, including:

• Curcumin (Turmeric): For golden-yellow shades
• Annatto Extracts: For orange-red tones
• Chlorophyll: For greens
• Caramel: For browns
• Riboflavin: For yellow tints
• Beta-Carotene: For orange hues

Though they are great for brands that are promoting organic or natural menus, they can fade faster than synthetic colors when placed under heat or light.

Permitted Limits and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)

While using FSSAI-approved colors, keep in mind that:

• Most synthetic colors have a maximum limit of 100 mg/kg (100 ppm) in the finished item.
• Colors shouldn't be used to cover up lower-quality ingredients; they should only be used when truly required.
• They have to meet purity requirements (no heavy metals like arsenic or lead).
• Restaurants and caterers need to keep track of their sourcing documentation and confirm that their suppliers hold an FSSAI license.

The goal of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is accuracy, not instincts. Don't just add colors after looking through your eyes; always measure them.

Labeling and Transparency Requirements

According to FSSAI labeling regulations, you must disclose the following if you package or sell any food item:

• "CONTAINS PERMITTED NATURAL COLOR(S)" or "CONTAINS PERMITTED SYNTHETIC FOOD COLOR(S)"
• The unique E-number or INS
• Details of the supplier (which should be a manufacturer with an FSSAI license)

Customers feel at ease with the fact that your colors are safe and regulated by transparent labeling, which also builds trust. 

Best Practices for Restaurants and Caterers

It takes more than just following instructions to run a safe and legal kitchen. The process is as much as important. Here are some practical tips to stay within FSSAI guidelines:

• Source carefully: Purchase only from authorized vendors who offer Certificates of Analysis (COA).
• Train your staff: Provide reduced ratios and safe handling training to prepare your team and chefs.
• Maintain hygiene: Colors should be kept out of direct sunlight and in airtight containers.
• Avoid shortcuts: Never use non-food or textile dyes, even while decorating the dish.
• Conduct routine audits: Keep track of batch numbers and quantities used for each color.

Care is important because even a minor error in color concentration can result in problems with legal regulations or customer complaints.

Common Violations and Health Risks

The FSSAI records instances of non-compliant coloring each year, frequently as a result of:

• Overuse of permitted colors
• Use of non-permitted industrial dyes (like Rhodamine B, Malachite Green, or Metanil Yellow)
• Lack of documentation from suppliers

These violations can lead to:

• License cancellation or fines
• Health risks such as hyperactivity in children or allergic reactions
• Brand damage if products are recalled
• Following the rules is an obligation to consumer safety, not merely a legal requirement.

Future Trends: The Rise of Clean Label Coloring

Restaurants and food brands are exploring plant-based pigments and fermented natural colors in response to rising health consciousness. And to keep up with approved additives and guarantee safe developments, FSSAI keeps reviewing international research.More stabilized, naturally produced colorants may soon be added to the list of authorized colors,   closing the gap between health and aesthetics.

Final Takeaway

While color may be an emotion and a stimulant to make the food feel alive, safety is also important. A good food color makes our food look vibrant and also keeps up with the guidelines.

Therefore, by sticking to these FSSAI’s seven approved colors, following the proper dosage guidelines, and sourcing from certified suppliers, you make sure that the food is not just beautiful, but also trustworthy for the customers.

The next time you make that bright orange syrup or glowing yellow curry, keep in mind that every color has a standard that protects your customers and makes your brand stand out.